Applied behavior analysis is a scientifically based therapy method used to improve behavior and change unwanted behaviors, especially in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ABA focuses on positive reinforcement to improve the individual’s social, communication, cognitive and adaptive skills.

Basic Principles of ABA

• Behavior Analysis: Determining target behaviors and analyzing the reasons for these behaviors.
• Positive Reinforcement: Encouraging the individual who exhibits a correct or targeted behavior to repeat this behavior by giving a reward.
• Data-Based Approach: Behaviors are regularly observed and measured. The therapy process is organized based on the data obtained.
• Task Analysis: Complex skills are broken down into smaller steps that are easy to learn.
• Reshaping: Teaching a skill with small, targeted progressions.

ABA Application Process

1. Assessment: The therapist conducts observations and tests to evaluate the individual’s strengths and weaknesses, current behaviors and needs.
2. Goal Setting: Measurable goals specific to the individual are determined (e.g., making eye contact, following instructions).
3. Reinforcement Strategy: Reinforcers are determined according to the individual’s motivation (e.g., toys, praise, a short play period).
4. Education and Reinforcement: Target behaviors are taught in small steps, and each success is rewarded with reinforcement.
5. Generalization and Maintenance: The individual is provided to apply the skills they have learned in different environments and with different people.
6. Monitoring and Revision: Regular data is collected throughout the process and therapy is rearranged when necessary.

Areas that ABA is Frequently Used

• Communication Skills: Encouraging speech, teaching gestures and facial expressions.
• Social Skills: Social interaction skills such as playing, sharing, and waiting turns.
• Academic Skills: Skills such as learning colors, counting, and reading.
• Daily Life Skills: Self-care skills such as dressing, eating, and toilet training.
• Management of Problem Behaviors: Reducing tantrums, self-harm, or avoidance behaviors.

Advantages of ABA

• It has scientific basis and has been proven to be effective.
• It can be customized according to the needs of each individual.
• It provides behavior with a positive approach and increases the individual’s self-confidence.
• It provides long-term development, skills that are learned can be generalized.